In Vitro Toxicity of a Dioxin (2, 3, 7, 8 Tcdd) on Few Membrane Bound Ion Dependent Atpases and Lysosomal Enzymes in Mice Kidney

Dioxins are a concern because of its human health effects by altering different physiological and biochemical activities into the cell. TCDD is the most toxic dioxin that has very low degradability and high bioavailability in animal adipose tissues (Jigyasi and Kundu, 2013a). Very limited reports are available on the toxic effects of dioxins to animal systems. TCDD enters into the living organisms including humans by various routes, such as through different food sources, inhalation and by accidental and occupational exposure (Mastroiacovo et al., 1988). It has been reported that TCDD toxicity depends on its metabolites and stability of different metabolites in the body of a living organism (Fingerhut et al., 1991). These metabolites are able to severely affect the physiology in the body of the living organisms (Pirkle et al., 1989). Exposure of TCDD was found to stimulate the proliferation abnormally resulting occlusion of the lumen and hydronephrosis in the epithelial cell line and the lumen of ureter (Abbott and Birnbaum, 1989). It was also reported that the lipophilic TCDD enters into the cell by dissolving itself into the plasma membrane and affects the normal physiological processes of an animal (Jigyasi and Kundu, 2013b). TCDD, even at very low concentration, has lethal effects on the gross physiology of living organisms. The reason for its potential lethal effects might be associated with its structural similarity with different receptors which are present in the cytosol as well as nuclear membrane (Reggiani, 1989). Kociba et al. (1978) reported that the TCDD has ability to mimic the different receptor and thereby interfere into different physiological activity. TCDD was reported to cause the loss of body weight in rats after chronic oral exposure to as low as 0.1 μg/kg/day and 0.286 ì g/kg/day dose (Van Miller et al., 1977). Couture et al. (1990) reported that the developing mice when exposed to TCDD, showed a dose dependent increase in organ damage. Acute oral exposure of TCDD caused pale kidney in minks, enlarged convoluted tubules and Bowman’s space together with hyperplasia in rats and monkeys (Hochstein et al., 1988; Christian et al., 1986a; McConnell et al., 1978). It has also been reported that chronic oral exposure of TCDD increased renal inflammatory changes which might be secondary effects to the kidney (NTP 1982; Pegg et al., 1976). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the dose dependent effects of very low doses of 2, 3, 7, 8TCDD on few ATPases and lysosomal marker enzymes of mice kidney under in vitro conditions. The study tested a hypothesis that the relatively low, environmentally available doses of TCDD directly affects the activities of some selected membrane-bound ion-dependent ATPases and lysosomal enzymes under in vitro condition in mice kidney.